pytz_deprecation_shim: Shims to help you safely remove pytz¶
pytz
has served the Python community well for many years, but it is no
longer the best option for providing time zones. pytz
has a non-standard
interface that is very easy to misuse; this
interface was necessary when pytz
was created, because datetime
had no
way to represent ambiguous datetimes, but this was solved in Python 3.6,
which added a fold
attribute to datetimes in PEP 495. With the addition of the
zoneinfo
module in Python 3.9 (PEP 615), there has never been a better
time to migrate away from pytz
.
However, since pytz
time zones are used very differently from a standard
tzinfo
, and many libraries have built pytz
zones into their standard
time zone interface (and thus may have users relying on the existence of the
localize
and normalize
methods); this library provides shim classes
that are compatible with both PEP 495 and pytz
’s interface, to make it
easier for libraries to deprecate pytz
.
Usage¶
This library is intended for temporary usage only, and should allow you to
drop your dependency on pytz
while also giving your users notice that
eventually you will remove support for the pytz
-specific interface.
Within your own code, use pytz_deprecation_shim.timezone
shims as if they
were zoneinfo
or dateutil.tz
zones — do not use localize
or
normalize
:
>>> import pytz_deprecation_shim as pds
>>> from datetime import datetime, timedelta
>>> LA = pds.timezone("America/Los_Angeles")
>>> dt = datetime(2020, 10, 31, 12, tzinfo=LA)
>>> print(dt)
2020-10-31 12:00:00-07:00
>>> dt.tzname()
'PDT'
Datetime addition will work like normal Python datetime arithmetic, even across a daylight saving time transition:
>>> dt_add = dt + timedelta(days=1)
>>> print(dt_add)
2020-11-01 12:00:00-08:00
>>> dt_add.tzname()
'PST'
However, if you have exposed a time zone to end users who are using localize
and/or normalize
or any other pytz
-specific features (or if you’ve
failed to convert some of your own code all the way), those users will see
a warning (rather than an exception) when they use those features:
>>> dt = LA.localize(datetime(2020, 10, 31, 12))
<stdin>:1: PytzUsageWarning: The localize method is no longer necessary, as
this time zone supports the fold attribute (PEP 495). For more details on
migrating to a PEP 495-compliant implementation, see
https://pytz-deprecation-shim.readthedocs.io/en/latest/migration.html
>>> print(dt)
2020-10-31 12:00:00-07:00
>>> dt.tzname()
'PDT'
>>> dt_add = LA.normalize(dt + timedelta(days=1))
<stdin>:1: PytzUsageWarning: The normalize method is no longer necessary,
as this time zone supports the fold attribute (PEP 495). For more details
on migrating to a PEP 495-compliant implementation, see
https://pytz-deprecation-shim.readthedocs.io/en/latest/migration.html
>>> print(dt_add)
2020-11-01 12:00:00-08:00
>>> dt_add.tzname()
'PST'
For IANA time zones, calling str()
on the shim zones (and indeed on pytz
and zoneinfo
zones as well) returns the IANA key, so end users who would
like to actively migrate to a zoneinfo
(or backports.zoneinfo
) can do
so:
>>> from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
>>> LA = pds.timezone("America/Los_Angeles")
>>> LA_zi = ZoneInfo(str(LA))
>>> print(LA_zi)
zoneinfo.ZoneInfo(key='America/Los_Angeles')